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Serology

HIV Antibody Rapid Test:

HIV1/2 antibody test is done using NACO, New Delhi testing algorithms and the test result is given to the client within 3 hours along with pre-test and post-test counseling by the trained counselors. The HIV antibodies are generally detectable within 21 days after HIV infection in humans with the minimum window period of 3 months. The efficient HIV testing algorithm for the diagnosis of HIV infection is determined based on the sensitivity and specificity of the screening assays and the established algorithm is commonly used. Although HIV Western blot is one of the confirmatory tests, but this is not commonly practiced in developing countries.

HIV-1 Western Blot:

An antibody test with very high specificity is required as a supplemental/confirmatory assay. This assay shows the interpreter precisely, which HIV antigens have elicited an antibody response in the patient.

Diagnosis of Other Infections:

  • Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) such as Herpes Simplex Virus-2 viral antibody by ELISA, Syphilis by RPR and TPPA/TPHA, Chlamydial and gonococcal infections by Multiplex PCR.
  • Diagnosis of Hepatitis Viruses by ELISA (Anti-HCV and HBsAg).
  • Diagnosis of Opportunistic Infections (OIs) such as antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii (differentiation of IgG and IgM is also done); detection of Cryptococcus neoformans antigen in serum or CSF is done by rapid card test.
  • Typhoid diagnosis done by WIDAL testing – for Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi infections.
  • For neuro-syphilis RPR is done in CSF specimen.

Detuned Assay for Recent HIV Infection:

Detuned ELISA (less sensitive assay) for HIV-1 incidence estimation is widely applied as one of the epidemiological research tools. This assay has been developed by researcher, Dr.Bharat Parekh, PhD in Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta US.

Non-NAT Plasma Viral Load Assay:

We have also successfully standardized a low-cost HIV viral load assay, which quantifies reverse trancriptase activity of HIV using an ExaVir load assay kit. Currently, this assay is being evaluated for the use in resource-limited countries in collaboration with Prof. Suzanne Crowe, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

The laboratory is equipped with 2 ELISA Readers, 2 ELISA Washers, Rotator, Rocker, Centrifuges, Biological Incubator, and Electronic Pipettes.